Layers Of Earth Atmosphere | Temperature profile

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several layers that vary in temperature, pressure, and composition. From the Earth's surface upward, the layers of the atmosphere are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Troposphere:

This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to about 7 to 20 kilometers (4 to 12 miles) in altitude. This layer is where all weather phenomena occur, and temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer. The average temperature in the troposphere is about 15 degrees Celsius near the Earth's surface and decreases to about -60 degrees Celsius at the top of the layer

Stratosphere:

The stratosphere lies above the troposphere, extending from about 20 to 50 kilometers (12 to 31 miles) in altitude. This layer is characterized by the presence of the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere due to the absorption of UV radiation, reaching an average of about -55 degrees Celsius at the bottom and increasing to about -15 degrees Celsius at the top.

Mesosphere:

The mesosphere lies above the stratosphere, extending from about 50 to 85 kilometers (31 to 53 miles) in altitude. This layer is characterized by a decrease in temperature with altitude, reaching an average of about -90 degrees Celsius at the top of the layer.

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Thermosphere:

The thermosphere lies above the mesosphere, extending from about 85 to 600 kilometers (53 to 372 miles) in altitude. This layer is characterized by a significant increase in temperature with altitude due to the absorption of high-energy solar radiation. The temperature in the thermosphere can reach thousands of degrees Celsius, but because the air density is so low, it would not feel hot to a human body.

Exosphere:

The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, extending from about 600 kilometers (372 miles) to the edge of space. This layer is characterized by a very low density of air molecules, and the temperature can vary greatly depending on solar activity.